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Background Forced migration is an increasing global challenge and understanding how countries are dealing with people forced to flee their homes is both a humanitarian and an economic priority. During the past 20 years, the global population of forcibly displaced people nearly doubled – from 33.9...

ABSTRACT In Uganda disposal of human excreta has been done since the 1950s through the use of pit latrines. In the 1990s, the pit latrine designs were modified to remove fly nuisance and smell through the use of what is known as ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines. While the VIP works well on a...